ازالة املاح الكالسيوم من مياه البحر بالترشيح باستخدام الزيوليت الطبيعى REMOVAL OF SEAWATER HARDNESS CONTAIN Ca2+ ION USING NATURAL ZEOLITE AS ADSORBTION

Seawater

Sea is a vast collection of salt water and is

associated with the ocean.

Water in sea is a mixture of

96.5% pure water and 3.5% other materials such as

salts, dissolved gases, organic materials and particles

not dissolved.

The main physical property of sea water

is determined by the 96.5% pure water.

Rock

weathering process continues due to rains that occurred

and was carried into the oceans, causing sea water

more salty.

Seawater is water that has dissolved therein

a variety of solids and gases. In 1000 g will contain ±

35 g soluble compounds that are collectively and salt.

In other words 96.5% of seawater is in the form of pure

water and 3.5% of the solute.

Solute includes salts of

inorganic solids, the largest fraction of dissolved

material consisting of solid inorganic materials.

These

ions are Chlorine, Sodium, Sulfate, Magnesium,

Calcium, and Potassium.

Four subsequent ions are

Bicarbonate, Bromide, As, Borate, and Strontium.

(Nybakken, J.W, 1992)

Results of content analysis of seawater samples are

Calcium (Ca): 1273 mg / L

In general, water with hardness less than 50 mg

/ l = 50 ppm (as CaCO3) is corrosive.

Instead of water

with hardness higher than 80 mg / l will require a lot of

soap when used for washing.

Therefore, hardness of

the water is considered good if the hardness value is

between (50-80) mg/l).

The softening of hard water aimed at improving water

quality, in order to be consumed by the public.

In

addition, water hardness will remove the active power

of soap, the crust formed on the cooking appliance, a

blockage in the plumbing and making vegetables

become hard.

Zeolite

Zeolite is usually found in a state mixed with

other minerals such as sodalite, feldspar and leusite.

Zeolite in the nature often found in the holes of lava

rocks, and sedimentary rocks, especially in finegrained pyroclastic sediments (tuff). (Haryanto, 1987).

Main Content of Natural Zeolite:

SiO2 = 62.75 % Al2O3 = 12.71 %

K2O = 1.28 % CaO = 3.39 %

Na2O = 1.29 % MnO = 5.58 %

Fe2O3 = 2.01 % MgO = 0.85%

(Prayitna, 1988)

Zeolite have a cavity filled by a variety of materials as

desired, and in this empty room can act as catalysts for

a reaction.

(Kirk, Othmer, 1981)

With these capabilities, the zeolite can be

utilized in various purposes namely absorption

(separation / purification), ion exchange, and a catalyst.

The factors that influence the adsorbtion process,

namely:

1. The size of Adsorbent particle

2. Temperature

3. Time

The mechanism of Zeolite Reaction

Absorption mechanism that may occur in the

zeolite is a physical absorption and chemical

absorption.

The effectiveness of these mechanisms

depends on the absorbed species, ion exchange

capacity of zeolite, the acidity of the surface, and the

moisture content of zeolite adsorbent.

Exchange occurs between the zeolite with NaOH as

follows:

Ca2+ + Na2O . Al2O3 . xSiO2 . yH2O CaO .

Al2O3 . xSiO2 . yH2O + 2Na

. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Zeolite preparation procedures

Natural zeolite to be used grinded and then sifted

according to the size specified.

Weigh 100 grams of

zeolite then wash it using distilled water, insert the

zeolite into NaCl 1N solution with a ratio of 1 gram of

zeolite in 10 ml solution stirred for 24 hours.

After

stirring and then filtered and washed with distilled

water to neutral (pH of secondhand washed water

measured with pH paper).

Strain again to be able to

separate the filtrate to residue. Dry the residue in an

oven at temperatures of 110-1200C for 3 hours and the

filtrate discarded.

From Figure 1 shows that the adsorption of

zeolite for the Ca2+ is very depend on processing time,

where the longer time the process result the absorption

of Ca2+ metal will be greater and this is because the

process of absorption of the Ca2+ metal is the physical

processes that are running slowly (takes time), the

longer absorption time mean of the absorbed metals

will be greater or metal left in the seawater will be

smaller but at a certain time a decrease in Ca2+ ion

concentration of this is due to the weakening of zeolite

active power.

The best condition was obtained at 75

minutes of stirring time with zeolite size of 100 meshes

with Ca2+ ion concentration of 909.25 mg / l.

From Figure 2 shows that the adsorption of

zeolite for the Ca2+ metal depend on the particle size of

zeolite.

Where the particle size of zeolite is smaller, the

active power of zeolite has greater absorb Ca2+ metal in

seawater so that less and less.

In the zeolite particle

size of 20 meshes, the Ca2+ concentration and

decreased only slightly and this is because the small

surface area of zeolite, while for the zeolite particle

size 100 meshes zeolite the higher absorption due to

the large surface area.

The best condition was obtained

at 75 minutes of stirring time with zeolite size of 100

meshes with Ca2+ ion concentration of 909.25 mg / l.

. CONCLUSION

Based on research that has been done, it can be

concluded:

1. The bigger the surface area of zeolite particle

the greater the adsorption capacity of Ca2+

metal.

2. The longer the stirring time, the greater

absorption of Ca2+ ions occurs so that the

higher the absorbed until it reaches its

saturation point is at 75 minutes.

3. The relatively good conditions of adsorption

for Ca2+ ions occurs on the zeolite particle size

of 100 meshes with a weight of 100 grams of

zeolite, the stirring speed of 200 rpm and

stirring time for 75 minutes the final Ca2+

concentration of 909.25 mg / l.

4. Zeolite can be used as an adsorbent to reduce

the metal content of Ca2+ in seawater but it has

not been able to meet the standardization of

quality standards as clean water for hardness

as CaCO3 with a concentration of 500 mg / l.

Water is an important element in life. Almost all

life on earth is not apart from any element of this

water.

The main source of water that supports life on

this earth is the sea, and all water will eventually return

to the sea that acts as a reservoir or container. Water

can experience the hydrological cycle.

While

undergoing the hydrologic cycle of water is always

absorbs the substances that cause the water was no

longer pure.

These substances are absorbed by natural water can be

classified as dissolved solids, dissolved gases and

suspended solids.

In general type of impurities

contained in water depends on the type of material that

comes.

Mineral materials that can be contained in the

water because of its contact with the rocks consist

mainly of: calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium

carbonate (MgCO3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4),

magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and so forth.

Zeolite has a cavity that can be filled by a

variety of materials in accordance with the desired, and

zeolite crystals also have a porous structure and large

surface area. With these capabilities, the zeolite can be

utilized in various purposes i.e. as adsorbent.

Adsorption activity is usually influenced by the

size and amount of adsorbent used, the more surface

area means smaller size and number of more and more

the faster the process of adsorption equilibrium is

reached. In previous researchers who use flow column

method with variation of height of the bed of zeolite 5,

10, and 15 cm with zeolite size 20-30 meshes. Zeolite

was found most effective is the height of the bed 15 cm

can reduce as much as 200 ppm. And zeolite with a

size 20-30 mesh with a weight of 60 grams has a great

ability to absorb Ca2+ ions. (Astatisna, Syariufidin,

2004)

Zeolite as an adsorbent is able to remove ions Ca2+

(calcium), which became a cause of water hardness that

can be used for water purification and can be applied in

daily life as clean water that is free of Ca2+ ions.

Seawater is used because seawater contains a lot of

Ca2+ ions cause water hardness.

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