الكيماويات المستخدمة فى غسيل وتنظيف وتطهير وتعقيم خزانات الزيوت والشحوم للصناعات الغذائية والمشروبات الغازية

المواد المستخدمة فى تنظيف خزانات الزيوت للصناعات الغذائية والمشروبات الغازية

مجموعة تكنولاب البهاء جروب
عقيد دكتور
بهاء بدر الدين محمود
استشارى كيميائى

Disinfectant
1-
Detergent-disinfectant for open plant applications

Key properties

contains a blend of high foaming surfactant, sequestrant and alkaline
builders.

Disinfecting properties are provided by the incorporation of quaternary
ammonium compound (QAC).

This combination of ingredients provides highly effective soil removal and disinfectant action against most vegetative forms of micro-organisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts.

It is recommended for single-stage cleaning and disinfecting of floors,
walls, utensils, equipment and other food contact surfaces and is suitable for use in meat and poultry processors, snack foods, dairies, beverage plants and most other types of food processing operations.

It can be used manually and by soak or spray application.

Its foaming properties also make it possible to use with suitable foam application equipment.

Benefits

One product to clean and disinfect - saves time and effort
Effective detergent action removes grease and dried-on soil
Broad spectrum disinfectant action
Suitable for use

- COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

- Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate polymer (5-15%)

- Alkyl di methl benzyl ammonium chloride (5-15%)

- Sodium carbonate (<5%)

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance : Clear colourless liquid
Odour : Characteristic
pH : 10.5 - 11.0 Solubility : Fully miscible in water.

ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

5% to 15% : Cationic surfactants.
5% to 15% : Nonionic surfactants.

Technical data

Appearance clear, colourless liquid
Relative Density at 20ºC 1.05
pH (1% solution at 20ºC) 10.6
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 345 gO2/kg
Nitrogen Content (N) 2.8 g/kg
Phosphorous Content (P) none

Test method
Reagent
0.1N Hydrochloric or sulphuric acid /Methyl red indicator

Procedure:

Add 1ml indicator to 100ml of water used to dilute the product.
Titrate with acid to a deep pink end point and note the titre = B
ml.

Now add 1ml of indicator to 100ml of test solution.
Titrate with acid to a deep pink end point and note the titre = T ml.

Calculation:

% v/v = (T . B) ml x 0.12
% w/v = (T . B) ml x 0.13
% w/w = (T . B) ml x 0.13

Microbiological data

at 1% dilution in hard water (300ppm as CaCO3) and soil (0.3% bovine albumin), 5 minutes contact time.

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2-

the food and beverage industries disinfectant

Description
A terminal disinfectant specially formulated for use in the food and beverage industries.

Clear combines a blend of cationic materials to provide a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity and a high rate of kill even at low temperatures.

It is active against commonly occurring micro-organisms including yeasts.

Clear solutions are safe to use on most materials found in the food and
beverage industries including stainless and galvanised steels, aluminium , and commonly occurring plastics. Compatibility with other materials should be checked prior to use.

Clear is tolerant of hard water, organic soils and detergents. Its antimicrobial activity is unaffected by these materials.

Clear is moderately foaming and is suitable for a wide range of soak, spray and fogging applications.

Benefits

Wide spectrum of activity
Non tainting
Moderately foaming
Free rinsing
Tolerant of hard water
Tolerant of organic soils

Use instructions

Clear solutions should be used for disinfecting surfaces which have been pre-cleaned with a suitable detergent.

Clear is used as a solution in water at a concentration between 0.25% v/v and 5% v/v dependant on application.

Typical use rates are as follows:

Spray, soak: 0.25% v/v to 1% v/v
Fogging: up to 5% v/v
Equipment and surfaces: 0.25% v/v to 1% v/v

For high risk applications, Clear must be used at 1% v/v

Preparation containing:

( 5 – 15% ) Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
( 5- 15% ) Nitrilotriacitec Acid ,
(< 5%) Nonionic surfactants
(<5%) Ethylene di amine tetra acetic acid , EDTA

11. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERITIES

Appearance : Clear colourless liquid
PH : 10 – 10.5 ( Typical)
Solubility : Miscible water in all prosperities
Flammability : Non flammable
Boiling point : 100°C Melting Point : -3°C
Relative Density: 1.06 ( Typical)

ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Amongst other ingredients this product contains :
5% to 15% : Cationic surfactant
5% to 15% : Nitrilotriacitec acid
Less than 5% : Nonionic surfactant
Less than 5% : E.D.T.A

Technical data

Appearance: A clear liquid
Specific gravity: 1.06 (typical)
Freezing point: -3°C
Solubility: Completely soluble in all proportions

Sanitation-Disinfection Basics
Disinfection refers to the reduction of pathogens (disease causing organisms), while sanitation refers to the quality of cleanliness.
Why is disinfection important?
Reducing the load of pathogens in the environment of your flock will decrease the risk of disease. Disinfectants are chemical agents that can kill pathogens on contact. Cleaning prior to disinfection exposes the pathogens to the disinfectant.
How do I disinfect my premises?
First, clean.
1. Remove all bedding, feed, and manure.
2. Sweep out loose dirt, cobwebs, etc.
3. Scrub all surfaces with a detergent/ disinfectant*.
4. Rinse all detergent and organic matter from surfaces*.
*a high-power sprayer may be helpful
Next, disinfect.
1. Apply the disinfectant.
2. Allow the disinfectant to dry completely.
3. Reapply the disinfectant and allow it to dry a second time (optional).
4. Bed the area with fresh materials and clean, disinfect, rinse, and dry all water and feeding equipment before refilling them.
How do I choose a disinfectant?
The lethal action of disinfectants for various pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) depends on the chemical composition of the disinfectant and the make-up of the organism. When choosing a disinfectant, consider these characteristics:
• Cost
• Efficacy (killing efficiency against viruses, bacteria, fungi)
• Activity with organic matter
• Toxicity (relative safety to animals)
• Residual activity
• Effect on fabric and metals
• Activity with soap
• Solubility (acidity, alkalinity, pH)
• Contact time
• Temperature
The relative importance of these characteristics will depend on your individual situation, but efficacy and toxicity to animals are always important concerns. No disinfectant works instantaneously. All require a certain amount of contact time to be effective. Temperature and concentration of disinfectant influence the rate of killing of microorganisms. Using the recommended concentration of disinfectants is important. The activity of many disinfectants improves markedly if the temperature is increased.
All disinfectants are less effective in the presence of organic material, i.e., you can't disinfect dirt. Organic matter interferes with the action of disinfectants by: coating the pathogen and preventing contact with the disinfectant; forming chemical bonds with the disinfectant, thereby making it inactive against organisms; or reacting chemically with and neutralizing the disinfectant. Cleaning before the application of the disinfectant is essential!
Disinfectants can be divided into the following classes based on their chemical composition:
• Phenols
• Hypochlorites (chlorine)
• Iodophors (iodine)
• Quaternary ammonium
• Formaldehyde
• Alkali (lye)
• Chlorhexidine (Nolvasan)
• Oxidizing Agents (peroxide)
Phenols
Phenols are coal-tar derivatives. They have a characteristic pine-tar odor and turn milky in water. Phenols are effective antibacterial agents, and they are also effective against fungi and many viruses. They also retain more activity in the presence of organic material than iodine or chlorine-containing disinfectants. Common uses in commercial animal production units include: hatchery and equipment sanitation, and footbaths.
Quaternary Ammonium
Quaternary ammonium compounds are generally odorless, colorless, nonirritating, and deodorizing. They also have some detergent action, and they are good disinfectants. However, some quaternary ammonium compounds are inactivated in the presence of some soaps or soap residues, so careful product selection is important. Their antibacterial activity is reduced in the presence of organic material. Quaternary ammonium compounds are effective against bacteria and somewhat effective against fungi and viruses. These compounds are widely used in commercial hatcheries. Examples: Roccal, Germex, Hi-Lethol, San-O-Fec, Warden, and Zephiran.
Iodophors
Iodine compounds are available as iodophors, which are combinations of elemental iodine and a substance that makes the iodine soluble in water. They are good disinfectants, but do not work well in the presence of organic material. Iodophors are effective against bacteria, fungi, and many viruses. In hatcheries, iodine is used on equipment and walls, and for water disinfection. Iodine is the least toxic of the disinfectants discussed here. Many iodine products can stain clothing and porous surfaces. Examples: Betadine, Iofec, Isodyne, Losan, Tamed Iodine and Weladol.
Hypochlorites
Chlorine compounds are good disinfectants on clean surfaces, but are quickly inactivated by dirt. Chlorine is effective against bacteria and many viruses. These compounds are also much more active in warm water than in cold water. Chlorine solutions can be somewhat irritating to skin and corrosive to metal. They are relatively inexpensive. Examples: Clorox, Chloramine-T, and Halazone.
Oxidizing Agents
Hydrogen peroxide and other oxidizing agents, like peracetic acid and propionic acids or acid peroxygen systems are used in commercial poultry operations. They are active against bacteria, bacterial spores, viruses, and fungi at quite low concentrations.
Natural Disinfecting Agents
The natural forces that reduce the pathogen load in the environment are important and can often be used to our advantage. These include sunlight, heat, cold, drying (desiccation) and agitation. The ultraviolet rays of sunlight are tremendously potent in killing microorganisms. This is very helpful outside of buildings, but unfortunately the ultraviolet rays can't pass through glass or roofs or dust. Drying from fresh air and wind will also kill pathogens, particularly when they are exposed in the process of cleaning. In soil, microorganisms that do not cause disease (nonpathogenic bacteria and fungi) produce substances that inhibit the growth or kill pathogenic organisms. Extremes of temperature (below freezing or above 85oF) will kill microorganisms, although susceptibility to temperature changes varies widely.
How do I disinfect my drinking water?
Chlorination is commonly used as a disinfectant for drinking water at a concentration of 3 parts per million (ppm). Concentrations up to 10 ppm have been reported to be well-tolerated by chickens. Five ppm are required for slime control. Chlorination can be done by various methods, however, liquid sodium hypochlorite is the most practical. Household bleach is diluted sodium hypochlorite. Products vary from 5 to 15 percent sodium hypochlorite. Clorox is about 5%.
Preparing a Stock Solution
For water chlorination add 1 ounce of Clorox, (or 2 teaspoons of liquid bleach at 15% sodium hypochlorite) to 1 gallon of clean water. A larger batch of stock solution can be made by adding 1 cup of Clorox or 1/3 cup of 15% sodium hypochlorite liquid bleach to 8 gallons of water. Mix in a plastic container that can be sealed shut. A clean plastic garbage can with a lid is suitable.
For slime control, use 1.5 to 2 ounces of Clorox or 3 teaspoons of 15% liquid bleach per gallon of water.
Water Chlorination
Add 1 ounce of either stock solution to 1 gallon of drinking water.
Other Tips on Chlorination
• Organic matter quickly inactivates chlorine. Clean waterers before adding fresh chlorine solution (daily).
• The pH of the water should be below 8.5. The ideal pH for effective chlorination is 6.0-8.0.
• Low temperatures slow disinfection action. Aim for 65oF and above for best results. Reducing temperatures by 18oF will increase necessary exposure 2 to 3 times.
• Water should be chlorinated continuously.
• Hardness (up to 400 ppm) does not effect disinfecting activity.
• Stop chlorination 2 days prior to any vaccination with live virus vaccines or bacterial vaccines via drinking water. Chlorination can be continued 4 hours after completion of vaccination.
• Recommended drinking water chlorination does not significantly alter the nutritional chlorine intake.
• Caution! Concentrated hypochlorite solutions and chlorine gas are corrosive to metals. Keep chlorine solutions away from metal, and especially from electric parts.

موضوع: Quaternary ammonium cation السبت أغسطس 13, 2011 4:29 am

Quaternary ammonium cation

Quaternary ammonium cation.

The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups.

Also, the R groups may be connected.
Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR4+, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group.[1] Unlike the ammonium ion (NH4+) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution.

Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations
with an anion.

Synthesis

Quaternary ammonium compounds are prepared by alkylation of tertiary amines, in a process called quaternization.

Typically one of the alkyl groups on the amine is larger than the others.

A typical synthesis is for benzalkonium chloride from a long-chain alkyldimethylamine and benzyl chloride:

CH3(CH2)nN(CH3)2 + ClCH2C6H5 → CH3(CH2)nN(CH3)2CH2C6H5]+Cl-

Applications

Quaternary ammonium salts are used as disinfectants, surfactants, fabric softeners, and as antistatic agents (e.g. in shampoos).

In liquid fabric softeners, the chloride salts are often used. In dryer anticling strips, the sulfate salts are often used.

Spermicidal jellies also contain quaternary ammonium salts.

antimicrobials

Quaternary ammonium compounds have also been shown to have antimicrobial activity.

Certain quaternary ammonium compounds, especially those containing long alkyl chains, are used as antimicrobials and disinfectants.

Examples are benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride and domiphen bromide.

Also good against fungi, amoeba, and enveloped viruses, quats act by disrupting the cell membrane.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are lethal to a wide variety of organisms except endospores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-enveloped viruses, and Pseudomonas spp.

In contrast to phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds are not very effective in the presence of organic compounds.

Yet, they are very effective in combination with phenols.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are deactivated by soaps, other anionic detergents, and cotton fibers. Also, they are not recommended for use in hard water. Effective levels are at 200 ppm.

They are effective at temperatures up to 212 °F (100 °C).
Along with sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium salts are the primary chemicals used in foodservice industry as sanitizing agents.

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats"), such as benzalkonium chloride, are a large group of related compounds.

Some concentrated formulations have been shown to be effective low-level disinfectants.

Typically, quats do not exhibit efficacy against difficult to kill non-enveloped viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, or polio virus. Newer synergous, low-alcohol formulations are highly effective broad-spectrum disinfectants with quick contact times (3–5 minutes) against bacteria, enveloped viruses, pathogenic fungi, and mycobacteria.

However, the addition of alcohol or solvents to quat-based disinfectant formulas results in the products' drying much more quickly on the applied surface, which could lead to ineffective or incomplete disinfection.

Quats are biocides that also kill algae and are used as an additive in large-scale industrial water systems to minimize undesired biological growth.

موضوع: ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES السبت أغسطس 13, 2011 4:43 am

ALAURYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES
PRODUCT IDENTIFICCLASSIFICATION
SURFACTANT

clear liquid or white semi-solidOLUBILITY IN WATER

Soluble pH

Health: 0 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0 FLASH POINT

SStable under ordinary conditions

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS

Nonionic surfactants are surface active agents which do not dissociate into ions in aqueous solutions, unlike anionic surfactants which have a negative charge
and cationic surfactants which have a positive charge in aqueous solution.

Nonionic surfactants are more widely used as detergents than ionic surfactants because anionic surfactants are insoluble in many hard water and cationic surfactants are considered to be poor cleaners.

In addition to detergency, nonionic surfactants show excellent solvency, low foam properties and chemical stability. It is thought that nonionic surfactants are mild on the skin even at high loadings and long-term exposure.

The hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants is a polymerized alkene oxide (water soluble polyether with 10 to 100 units length typically).

They are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide in the same molecule.

Depending on the ratio and order of oxide addition, together with the number of carbon atoms which vary the chemical and physical properties, nonionic surfactant is used as a wetting agent, a detergent, or an emulsifier.

HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) values for proper applications.
<10 : Lipid soluble (or water-insoluble)
>10 : Water Soluble
4-8 : Antifoaming
7-11 : Water-in-oil emulsion
12-16 : Oil-in-water emulsion
11-14 : Good Wetting
12-15 : Good detergency
16-20 : Stabilizing
Nonionic surfactants include alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, phenol ethoxylates, amide ethoxylates, glyceride ethoxylates (soya bean oil and caster oil ethoxylates), fatty acid ethoxylates, and fatty amine ethoxylates. Another commercially significant nonionic surfactants are the alkyl glycosides in which the hydrophilic groups are sugars (polysaccharides).

Fatty alcohol ethoxylates, clear to yellowish liquid to waxy solids depending on alkyl chain length and the number of ethoxy groups, are non ionic surfactants which contain both hydrophobic tail portion (fatty alcohol part) and hydrophilic polar head groups (ethoxy chain part), and are thus tend to dissolve in both aqueous and oil phase and to reduce the surface tension of liquids. Ethylene oxide (also called epoxyethane and oxirane) is the simplest cyclic ether or epoxide, with the formula C2H4O; reactive material which is added to the base of alcohols (or amines) to form ethoxylated surfactants. The Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of EO surfactant is related to the hydrophilic portion of the molecule. More hydrophilic groups enable more solubility in water as more hydrogen bondings exist. They are non-ionic in solution which has no electrical charge, which means well-work in hard water at low temperatures as well as stability in acid and alkali solution and compatibility with other surfactants. Generally, surfactant's name are formed by adding the mole number of ethylene oxide. There is a wide HLB range depend their molar ratios between fatty alcohol and E.O. The very low (2, 2.5 or 3) mole ratio products are used to prepare SLES (sodium lauryl ether sulfate) which is used as a foaming and cleansing agent for shampoos and cleansers, suited for high viscosity products and low pH products. Slightly higher mole ratio products are used as wetting agent. The E.O surfactants of 7-12 moles ratio with alcohol are suitable for detergent application. Higher moles ratio products are emulsifiers. Their 3 representative functions are as wetting agent, detergency and emulsifier.
End applications include;
Detergents and Industrial Cleaners, Dispersants, Stabilizers, Sanitizers, Defoaming Agents. Agrochemical Emulsifiers, Metal Working, Textile Processing, Paper De-inking, Drilling Products Intermediate Anionic Surfactants Synthesis, Dust Control, Adhesive, Plastic Industry, Lube Oil, Cosmetic and Pharmaceuticals.

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